Did you know?
Less than 200 years ago the Earth’s atmosphere comprised of 40% oxygen; today we breathe only 19% – 21%. Lack of oxygen in our universe is due to pollution, burning of fossil fuels and overall destruction of the ozone layer. Every day we breathe 20,000 times. Research has demonstrated that our vital lung capacity decreases 5% with every decade of life. This lung elasticity means less oxygen. By mass, oxygen makes up 90% of the water molecule; water makes up 65-75% of the human body. Our brain, which makes up 2% of our total mass, requires 20% of the body’s oxygen needs. |
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What does OZONE actual do?
- Inactivation of bacteria, viruses, fungi, yeast and protozoa:
Ozone disrupts the integrity of the bacterial cell envelope through oxidation of the phospholipids and lipoproteins. In fungi, ozone inhibits cell growth at certain stages. With viruses, the ozone damages the viral capsid and disrupts the reproductive cycle by disrupting the virus-to-cell contact with peroxidation. The weak enzyme coatings on cells which make them vulnerable to invasion by viruses make them susceptible to oxidation and elimination from the body, which then replaces them with healthy cells. - Enhancement of circulation:
In circulatory disease, a clumping of red blood cells hinders blood flow through the small capillaries and decreases oxygen absorption due to reduced surface area. Ozone reduces or eliminates clumping and red cell flexibility is restored, along with oxygen carrying ability. Oxygenation of the tissues increases as the arterial partial pressure increases and viscosity decreases. Ozone also oxidizes the plaque in arteries, allowing the removal of the breakdown products, unclogging the blood vessels. - Stimulation of oxygen metabolism:
Ozone causes an increase in the red blood cell glycolysis rate. This leads to the stimulation of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) which leads to an increase in the amount of oxygen released to the tissues. There is a stimulation of the production of the enzymes which act as free radical scavengers and cell wall protectors: glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. Ozone activates the Krebs cycle by enhancing oxidative carboxylation of pyruvate, stimulating production of ATP. Ozone also causes a significant reduction in NADH and helps to oxidize cytochrome C. Prostacyclin, a vasodilator, is also induced by ozone. - Formation of peroxides:
Ozone reacts with the unsaturated fatty acids of the lipid layer in cellular membranes, forming hydro peroxides. There is a synergistic effect with cellular- formed H2O2. Lipid peroxidation products include alkoxyl and peroxyl radicals, singlet oxygen, ozonides, carbonides, carbonyls, alkanes and alkenes. - Dissolution of malignant tumors:
Ozone inhibits tumor metabolism. In addition, ozone oxidizes the outer lipid layer of malignant cells and destroys them through cell lysis (break-down). Phagocytes produce H2O2 and hydroxyl to kill bacteria and viruses. The generation of hydroxyl by killer cells is critical to their cytotoxic capability. Ozone stimulates conversion of L- arginine to citrulline, nitrite and nitrate by phagocytes, acting on tumors. (Link to MeInstitute )
The Miracle of Ozone (link)
The evidence and reports, both scientific and anecdotal, concerning ozone therapy are almost too good to be true. Perhaps you haven't even heard of this truly miraculous, yet entirely natural, form of "medicine". That's because until now medical authorities in our country have been painfully slow in their investigation of the beneficial uses of ozone. However, the sixth World Ozone Conference held in Washington, D.C., during May, 1983, produced many outstanding papers on the medical and therapeutic uses of ozone. They ran the full spectrum of topics from cancer to herpes to rheumatoid arthritis, written by the world's most recognized specialists in their fields. These papers concluded that:
- Ozone removes unwanted bacteria and viruses from the blood, the same way it does with water.
- The possibility of becoming infected with hepatitis, HIV virus, syphilis or other infectious diseases through blood transfusions could be eliminated by the use of ozone.
- Ozone disinfects open wounds.
- Ozone is effective in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease and arteriosclerosis. It promptly restores circulation, relieves angina pain and improves brain circulation and function.
- Cancerous tumors, lymphomas and leukemia may be eliminated without the use of surgery, radiation or chemo-therapy.
- Ozone is highly effective for all forms of rheumatoid and arthritic disease.
- Ozone is very effective for allergies.
- Ozone improves multiple sclerosis, and other neurological diseases, ameliorates the loss of brain function in Alzheimer's, senility and Parkinson's disease.
- External use of ozone is very effective in treating burns, acne, ulcers, open sores and wounds, fungus and skin disorders.
- Ozone, is effective for proctitis, colitis, prostitus, fissure, candidiasis and other yeast infections, trichomoniasis, other forms of vaginitis, bladder cysts, fistulas, and Crohns disease.
- Mononucleosis, cirrhosis of the liver, AIDS, herpes and hepatitis have been successfully treated with ozone, without the use of any drug.
- The application of ozone is painless, has no adverse side effects and is extremely cost effective for both physicians and patients.
- Gangrene has been eliminated by sealing an affected extremity in a bag and pumping ozone into it, thus allowing the ozone to be absorbed through the skin. Healing takes place very quickly, and the flesh often turns from black to pink during the first treatment.
- As of 1985, more than 15 countries have allowed the use of ozone therapy, and more then 6,000 medical ozone generators have been sold in Europe alone. Of the thousands of successfully treated people, there has not been one serious adverse reaction related to the use of ozone made from UV light.
OZONE and PARASITE control (internal worms)
In a study of Giardia lamblia, a parasite that can infest the intestinal tract and cause severe symptoms of diarrhea, nausea, and cramps, patients were given either ozonated water or ozonated oil. The symptom reduction was very a successful -- 97.5% for each group.
In clinical practice, Complementary Alternative Medicine (CAM) physicians, treating a variety of tumors as well as melanoma, sarcoma, and leukemia use ozone as a part of their cancer treatment. Not only are tumors reduced, but also vitality and quality of life are improved. In animal studies, ozone has successfully reversed cancers. In the laboratory, ozone was shown to inhibit the growth of cancer cells leaving normal cells unaffected.
- See more at: http://www.parasiteinfo.com/alternative/oxygen_therapy.htm#sthash.Aw7qTE24.dpuf
Oxygen and Parasites
Oxygen therapies are used to provide more oxygen to the body into order to promote healing and health. They can act on the body in two ways. The first is by supplementing the oxygen in the body. This is oxygenation. The second is where a third oxygen molecule splits off from another pair of oxygen molecules and is free to react with another "free radical" molecule. When it reacts to free radical molecules such as toxins or pathogens, for example, it will destroy or "oxidize" them. Some oxygen therapies oxygenate the body; others work by oxidation. Ozone does both.
- See more at: http://www.parasiteinfo.com/alternative/oxygen_therapy.htm#sthash.Aw7qTE24.dpuf
In clinical practice, Complementary Alternative Medicine (CAM) physicians, treating a variety of tumors as well as melanoma, sarcoma, and leukemia use ozone as a part of their cancer treatment. Not only are tumors reduced, but also vitality and quality of life are improved. In animal studies, ozone has successfully reversed cancers. In the laboratory, ozone was shown to inhibit the growth of cancer cells leaving normal cells unaffected.
- See more at: http://www.parasiteinfo.com/alternative/oxygen_therapy.htm#sthash.Aw7qTE24.dpuf
Oxygen and Parasites
Oxygen therapies are used to provide more oxygen to the body into order to promote healing and health. They can act on the body in two ways. The first is by supplementing the oxygen in the body. This is oxygenation. The second is where a third oxygen molecule splits off from another pair of oxygen molecules and is free to react with another "free radical" molecule. When it reacts to free radical molecules such as toxins or pathogens, for example, it will destroy or "oxidize" them. Some oxygen therapies oxygenate the body; others work by oxidation. Ozone does both.
- See more at: http://www.parasiteinfo.com/alternative/oxygen_therapy.htm#sthash.Aw7qTE24.dpuf
Oxygen-Ozone Therapy for Spinal Muscle Disorders in the Horse (PDF Link)
Discussion (Read full document by clicking here)
We administered subcutaneous infiltration of an O2 -O3 mixture but the gas can also given at the same doses and concentration by vertical injection into the deep muscles using 21 G needles or intervertebral infiltration with spinal needles. During and just after injection the ozone produces a tingling/itchy sensation gradually replaced by an analgesic effect as subsequent palpation of the treated area failed to elicit pain or arching of the spine.
It is not possible to determine the duration of the beneficial effect of treatment or claim that the disorders will not recur since the ongoing muscle stress in trotting horses engaged in competitions throughout the year combined with one of the causes of spinal disorders could lead to further acute muscle inflammation.
I have had occasion to administer different treatment cycles to the same horse and have always noted a positive response without short or long-term side effects.
In conclusion, this study and the daily administration of O2 -O3 to treat a variety of disorders show that the therapy is a reliable, safe and effective alternative to the many treatments currently administered in equine veterinary practice.
We administered subcutaneous infiltration of an O2 -O3 mixture but the gas can also given at the same doses and concentration by vertical injection into the deep muscles using 21 G needles or intervertebral infiltration with spinal needles. During and just after injection the ozone produces a tingling/itchy sensation gradually replaced by an analgesic effect as subsequent palpation of the treated area failed to elicit pain or arching of the spine.
It is not possible to determine the duration of the beneficial effect of treatment or claim that the disorders will not recur since the ongoing muscle stress in trotting horses engaged in competitions throughout the year combined with one of the causes of spinal disorders could lead to further acute muscle inflammation.
I have had occasion to administer different treatment cycles to the same horse and have always noted a positive response without short or long-term side effects.
In conclusion, this study and the daily administration of O2 -O3 to treat a variety of disorders show that the therapy is a reliable, safe and effective alternative to the many treatments currently administered in equine veterinary practice.
Prolozone™ How to cure any joint pain permanently
Published on 13 Mar 2013 (Video Link)
An interview with Dr Frank Shallenberger, President of the American Academy for Ozone Therapy. This amazing therapy was developed by Dr Shallenberger and is practiced all over the world with extraordinary results in the arena of joint and skeletal pain. One session is sure to deliver a 20% improvement in a bone on bone situation. A maximum of six treatments over a few months period will solve the problem completely. Watch this video to find out what Prolozone™ therapy is and what it does.
An interview with Dr Frank Shallenberger, President of the American Academy for Ozone Therapy. This amazing therapy was developed by Dr Shallenberger and is practiced all over the world with extraordinary results in the arena of joint and skeletal pain. One session is sure to deliver a 20% improvement in a bone on bone situation. A maximum of six treatments over a few months period will solve the problem completely. Watch this video to find out what Prolozone™ therapy is and what it does.
Ozone Administration in Horses(Link) Judith M. Shoemaker, DVM
www.judithshoemaker.com
Ozone fights viruses & germs
“The US Department of the Agriculture reported in a recent paper that no secondary biocide is necessary when using ozone, as it kills bacteria, viruses, spores, fungi, mold, mildew, etc., on contact without the need for other products.”
Ozone destroys organism’s bacteria, fungus, pathogens, and many more, and does it far more economically than chlorine.
(Reference Link)
Ozone destroys organism’s bacteria, fungus, pathogens, and many more, and does it far more economically than chlorine.
(Reference Link)
Studies and experiments exhibited that:
Ozone can be an effective disinfectant in low concentrations Ozone destroys bacteria 3100 times quicker than chlorine. Ozone is 51% more prevailing on bacteria than chlorine. Ozone will not leave any toxic by-products similar to those related to chlorination. Ozone treatment is safe An ecofriendly and chemical free Green Sustainable Ozone is generated on site. No chemicals No allergy reaction to chemicals No harmful spills Naturally accruing substance |
Ozone Applications:
Municipal Agricultural Hospital Veterinarian uses Household Dentistry Food and beverage Oil and Gas Containerized Desalination Systems Drinking water Disinfection Wastewater Water reuse and Desalination |
Ozone, effective in acute and chronic viral diseases as a virucidal agent in reversing positive antibody tests and in improving the general health of the animals.
Veterinary Use of Ozone by Citizen's Council for Truth in Medicine, Washington, DC
Part I - Viral (Rickettsial and Chlamydial) Diseases (VRCDs) (Link)
"Ozone is very effective in acute and chronic viral diseases as a virucidal agent in reversing positive antibody tests and in improving the general health of the animals.
"Ozone is the treatment of choice of Equine Infectious Enema (EIA, Swamp fever) and promptly reverses the clinical symptoms and a positive Coggins test. Ozone is equally effective against Equine Ehrlichiosis and Potomac Horse Fever, caused by the rickettsial agents Ehrlichia equi and E. risticii respectively, as well as against Equine Encephalomyelitis (EE) including Eastern (EEE), Western (WEE), Venezuelan (VEE) and other togaviral and flaviviral EE, Equine Viral Arteritis, African Horse Sickness (AHS), Equine Herpesvirus I (EHV-1) infection..." ( Link )
Part II - Respiratory Diseases of Horses
Ozone is effective against respiratory viral infections (RVIs) (see part I) such as RVIs caused by EHV-1 (rhinopneumonitis), equine arteritis virus, rhonovirus, influenza as well as adenovirus pneumonia with combined immunodeficiency in Arabian foals.
Ozone is also effective against viral respiratory infections with secondary bacterial infection (see part III) that produces mucopurulent nasal discharge, exacerbates the cough, and may lead to lung abscessation, pneumonia or pleurisy. For ozone treatment of COPD (heaves), see part IV.
Ozone is the treatment of choice for Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage (EIPH, Epistaxis, "Bleeder"), especially in States and Countries that do not allow furosemide (LasixR). In most cases ozone reverses the bronchitis, neovascularization and fibrosis, and through a homeopathic mechanism, the other contributory factors of EIPH in "bleeders".
Part III - Bacterial Diseases
Ozone is very effective for acute and chronic bacterial diseases, including those that do not respond well to antibiotics such as Glanders (Pseudomonas mallei); Septicemia in foals (e.g. from E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Actinobacillus spp.); Leptospirosis (Leptospira interrogans); Listeriosis (Listeria monocytogenes); ContagiousEquine Metritis (CEM from Taylorella equigenitalis); retained placenta with consecutive metritis, septicemia and laminitis; Tularemia (Francisella tularensis); Clostridial diseases e.g. Tetanus Enterotoxemia (Cl. perfringens infection); Malingnant Edema (Cl. septicum); Botulism and Infectious Necrotic Hepatitis (Cl. novyi); Lyme Disease (Borrelia burgdorferi); Actinobaccilosis (e.g. A. equuli in horses); Anthrax; Melioidosis hematogenous septic polyarthritis with primary Brucellosis (Brucella melitensis, B. abortus, B. suis, B. canis, B. ovis, B. neotomae) and others, especially in valuable race horses and zoo animals.
Part IV - Fungal Diseases
Ozone is effective against systemic Actinomycosis and Candidiasis, Chromomycosis, North American Blastomycosis, Histoplasmosis, Aspergillosis and is a valuable adjunct in Chronic Obstructive ulmonary Disease (COPD, heaves) of horses.
In the treatment of heaves, ozone relieves acute "asthmatic" attacks and the paroxysmal cough and effectively preverses the allergic component from inhalation of molds, dust and other air pollution as well as the triggering respiratory infection.
Part V - Leukemias, Lymphomas and other Malignancies
Ozone is an effective adjunct to high-pH therapy and other treatment methods of the Life Science Universal (LSU) modalities for these conditions.
Ozone is a valuable adjunct for the treatment of Equine Sarcoids (generally in younger horses) and SquamousCell Carcinoma (most frequently in older horses).
Ozone is particularly effective against any blood and malignant disease caused by viruses and bacteria such as Bovine Leukosis, Canine Malignant Lymphomas, Feline Lymphosarcoma, Feline Leukemia and lymphoproliferative disorders in turkeys, chickens and zoo animals.
Part VI - Rectal and Other Typical Applications of Ozone
Rectal ozone insufflations are a powerful adjunct to the treatment of both infectious and noninfectious diseases of the digestive tract. Ozone is effective in reducing intestinal parasites (helminths), viruses and rickettsiae (see part I, e.g. Rotavirus and Ehrlichia in horses), bacteria (see Part III, e.g. enterotoxigenic E. coli, Salmonella spp., Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium equi in horses), protozoa and fungi (see Part IV, e.g. Eimeria spp. and Aspergillus fumigatus in horses) and algae (Prototheca spp.). Ozone is effective in diarrhea and inflammatory bowel disease of horses.
Vaginal ozone insufflations are effective against vaginal Candidiasis (see Part IV, Vaginitis, Equine Coital Exanthema (EHV-3), Contagious Equine Metritis (see Part III).
Intramammary ozone application instead of antibiotics is effective for mastitis in large animals, e.g. mastitis in mares caused by Streptococcus zooepedemicus, S. equi, S. equisimilis, S. agalactiae and S. viridans.
Intra-articular ozone is effective for Septic Arthritis.
Topical ozone is effective for dermatomycosis, osteomyelitis and infected wounds, fistulae (e.g. fistulous withers and poll evil, i.e. inflammation of supraspinous and supra-atlantal bursae caused equine and bovine udder diseases.
Ozone is most valuable for Cattle Embryo Transfer Procedures.
Part I - Viral (Rickettsial and Chlamydial) Diseases (VRCDs) (Link)
"Ozone is very effective in acute and chronic viral diseases as a virucidal agent in reversing positive antibody tests and in improving the general health of the animals.
"Ozone is the treatment of choice of Equine Infectious Enema (EIA, Swamp fever) and promptly reverses the clinical symptoms and a positive Coggins test. Ozone is equally effective against Equine Ehrlichiosis and Potomac Horse Fever, caused by the rickettsial agents Ehrlichia equi and E. risticii respectively, as well as against Equine Encephalomyelitis (EE) including Eastern (EEE), Western (WEE), Venezuelan (VEE) and other togaviral and flaviviral EE, Equine Viral Arteritis, African Horse Sickness (AHS), Equine Herpesvirus I (EHV-1) infection..." ( Link )
Part II - Respiratory Diseases of Horses
Ozone is effective against respiratory viral infections (RVIs) (see part I) such as RVIs caused by EHV-1 (rhinopneumonitis), equine arteritis virus, rhonovirus, influenza as well as adenovirus pneumonia with combined immunodeficiency in Arabian foals.
Ozone is also effective against viral respiratory infections with secondary bacterial infection (see part III) that produces mucopurulent nasal discharge, exacerbates the cough, and may lead to lung abscessation, pneumonia or pleurisy. For ozone treatment of COPD (heaves), see part IV.
Ozone is the treatment of choice for Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage (EIPH, Epistaxis, "Bleeder"), especially in States and Countries that do not allow furosemide (LasixR). In most cases ozone reverses the bronchitis, neovascularization and fibrosis, and through a homeopathic mechanism, the other contributory factors of EIPH in "bleeders".
Part III - Bacterial Diseases
Ozone is very effective for acute and chronic bacterial diseases, including those that do not respond well to antibiotics such as Glanders (Pseudomonas mallei); Septicemia in foals (e.g. from E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Actinobacillus spp.); Leptospirosis (Leptospira interrogans); Listeriosis (Listeria monocytogenes); ContagiousEquine Metritis (CEM from Taylorella equigenitalis); retained placenta with consecutive metritis, septicemia and laminitis; Tularemia (Francisella tularensis); Clostridial diseases e.g. Tetanus Enterotoxemia (Cl. perfringens infection); Malingnant Edema (Cl. septicum); Botulism and Infectious Necrotic Hepatitis (Cl. novyi); Lyme Disease (Borrelia burgdorferi); Actinobaccilosis (e.g. A. equuli in horses); Anthrax; Melioidosis hematogenous septic polyarthritis with primary Brucellosis (Brucella melitensis, B. abortus, B. suis, B. canis, B. ovis, B. neotomae) and others, especially in valuable race horses and zoo animals.
Part IV - Fungal Diseases
Ozone is effective against systemic Actinomycosis and Candidiasis, Chromomycosis, North American Blastomycosis, Histoplasmosis, Aspergillosis and is a valuable adjunct in Chronic Obstructive ulmonary Disease (COPD, heaves) of horses.
In the treatment of heaves, ozone relieves acute "asthmatic" attacks and the paroxysmal cough and effectively preverses the allergic component from inhalation of molds, dust and other air pollution as well as the triggering respiratory infection.
Part V - Leukemias, Lymphomas and other Malignancies
Ozone is an effective adjunct to high-pH therapy and other treatment methods of the Life Science Universal (LSU) modalities for these conditions.
Ozone is a valuable adjunct for the treatment of Equine Sarcoids (generally in younger horses) and SquamousCell Carcinoma (most frequently in older horses).
Ozone is particularly effective against any blood and malignant disease caused by viruses and bacteria such as Bovine Leukosis, Canine Malignant Lymphomas, Feline Lymphosarcoma, Feline Leukemia and lymphoproliferative disorders in turkeys, chickens and zoo animals.
Part VI - Rectal and Other Typical Applications of Ozone
Rectal ozone insufflations are a powerful adjunct to the treatment of both infectious and noninfectious diseases of the digestive tract. Ozone is effective in reducing intestinal parasites (helminths), viruses and rickettsiae (see part I, e.g. Rotavirus and Ehrlichia in horses), bacteria (see Part III, e.g. enterotoxigenic E. coli, Salmonella spp., Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium equi in horses), protozoa and fungi (see Part IV, e.g. Eimeria spp. and Aspergillus fumigatus in horses) and algae (Prototheca spp.). Ozone is effective in diarrhea and inflammatory bowel disease of horses.
Vaginal ozone insufflations are effective against vaginal Candidiasis (see Part IV, Vaginitis, Equine Coital Exanthema (EHV-3), Contagious Equine Metritis (see Part III).
Intramammary ozone application instead of antibiotics is effective for mastitis in large animals, e.g. mastitis in mares caused by Streptococcus zooepedemicus, S. equi, S. equisimilis, S. agalactiae and S. viridans.
Intra-articular ozone is effective for Septic Arthritis.
Topical ozone is effective for dermatomycosis, osteomyelitis and infected wounds, fistulae (e.g. fistulous withers and poll evil, i.e. inflammation of supraspinous and supra-atlantal bursae caused equine and bovine udder diseases.
Ozone is most valuable for Cattle Embryo Transfer Procedures.
The disinfecting effect of ozone on four kinds of bacteria.
Wang RR, Shang GW, Hu LF, Wang XP, Huang W, Li MY, Zhu CL.
Department of Dentistry, The 10th People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai 200072, China.
PURPOSE: To evaluate the disinfecting effect of ozone on 4 kinds of bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
METHODS: The concentration of ozone that was transmitted by ozone generator at different time was determined by using iodine titrimetric method. According to the bactericidal assay of quantitative vehicle, the bacteria on the ozonized vehicles and unozonized vehicles was washed, 50 microl eluant was seeded on the TSA plates. The TSA plates were put into the anaerobiotic incubator (90% N(2),10% CO(2),37 degrees centigrade). After 24 to 48 hours, the CFU on the plate was counted.The data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA with SAS 6.12 software package.
RESULTS: The sterilization effect depended on the ozone concentration and the treatment time. When the 4 kinds of bacteria were treated with 2.73 mg/L ozone for 45 minutes, there was no bacteria alive.
CONCLUSIONS: Ozone has obvious disinfecting effect on the 4 kinds of bacteria and the effect is correlated with the concentration of ozone.
Wang RR, Shang GW, Hu LF, Wang XP, Huang W, Li MY, Zhu CL.
Department of Dentistry, The 10th People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai 200072, China.
PURPOSE: To evaluate the disinfecting effect of ozone on 4 kinds of bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
METHODS: The concentration of ozone that was transmitted by ozone generator at different time was determined by using iodine titrimetric method. According to the bactericidal assay of quantitative vehicle, the bacteria on the ozonized vehicles and unozonized vehicles was washed, 50 microl eluant was seeded on the TSA plates. The TSA plates were put into the anaerobiotic incubator (90% N(2),10% CO(2),37 degrees centigrade). After 24 to 48 hours, the CFU on the plate was counted.The data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA with SAS 6.12 software package.
RESULTS: The sterilization effect depended on the ozone concentration and the treatment time. When the 4 kinds of bacteria were treated with 2.73 mg/L ozone for 45 minutes, there was no bacteria alive.
CONCLUSIONS: Ozone has obvious disinfecting effect on the 4 kinds of bacteria and the effect is correlated with the concentration of ozone.
CONCENTRATION OF OZONE
Appl Microbiol. 1973 Sep;26(3):391-3.
Sensitivity of three selected bacterial species to ozone. Broadwater WT, Hoehn RC, King PH.
THE MINIMAL LETHAL CONCENTRATION OF OZONE IN WATER WAS DETERMINED FOR THREE BACTERIAL SPECIES: Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus megaterium. A contact period of 5 min was selected. The lethal threshold concentration for the cells of B. cereus was 0.12 mg/liter while that for E. coli and B. megaterium was 0.19 mg/liter. Low concentrations of ozone were ineffective when organic matter was present to interfere with the action of ozone on the bacterial cells. Also determined during the study was the sensitivity of spores of B. cereus and B. megaterium to ozone in water. The threshold concentration required to kill the spores of both species was 2.29 mg/liter. The cells and spores of these organisms exhibited the "all-or-none" die-away phenomenon normally associated with ozone treatment.
Sensitivity of three selected bacterial species to ozone. Broadwater WT, Hoehn RC, King PH.
THE MINIMAL LETHAL CONCENTRATION OF OZONE IN WATER WAS DETERMINED FOR THREE BACTERIAL SPECIES: Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus megaterium. A contact period of 5 min was selected. The lethal threshold concentration for the cells of B. cereus was 0.12 mg/liter while that for E. coli and B. megaterium was 0.19 mg/liter. Low concentrations of ozone were ineffective when organic matter was present to interfere with the action of ozone on the bacterial cells. Also determined during the study was the sensitivity of spores of B. cereus and B. megaterium to ozone in water. The threshold concentration required to kill the spores of both species was 2.29 mg/liter. The cells and spores of these organisms exhibited the "all-or-none" die-away phenomenon normally associated with ozone treatment.
AIHA J (Fairfax, Va). 2003 Jul-Aug;64(4):533-7
Surface germicidal effects of ozone for microorganisms.
Li CS, Wang YC.
In this study the influences of microorganism species, relative humidity, and ozone dosage on ozone surface disinfection were evaluated. Bacterial and fungal cultures were spread on agar plates and exposed to ozone. The selected microorganisms included Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Candida famata, and Penicillium citrinum. Results showed that microorganism survival fraction and ozone dosage (ozone concentration times exposure time) have an exponential relationship. Results also indicated that E. coli was the most sensitive organism to ozone exposure. E. coli required only very low ozone doses of 2-2.5 and 3.5-4 mg to obtain 50 and 80% inactivation, respectively. In addition, P. citrinum was more resistant than E. coli and required ozone doses of 40-60 and 60-120 mg to obtain 50 and 80% inactivation. In addition, spores of B. subtilis were observed to be the most resistant organism, requiring ozone doses of 40-75 and 145-150 mg to obtain 50 and 80% inactivation. Yeast was less resistant than P. citrinum and B. subtilis, requiring ozone doses of 10 and 15-19 mg to obtain 50 and 80% inactivation. It was clearly indicated that the ozone dose differences for 80% microorganism inactivation could be as high as 40 times between B. subtilis and E. coli. Ozone surface germicidal efficiency increased as relative humidity increased, which could be related to more radicals generated from ozone reaction with more water vapor at higher relative humidity. It was concluded that ozone should be highly effective and provide a reliable safety factor in treating contaminated surface. In addition, workers might need to wear suitable respiratory protection at high ozone level operation.
Surface germicidal effects of ozone for microorganisms.
Li CS, Wang YC.
In this study the influences of microorganism species, relative humidity, and ozone dosage on ozone surface disinfection were evaluated. Bacterial and fungal cultures were spread on agar plates and exposed to ozone. The selected microorganisms included Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Candida famata, and Penicillium citrinum. Results showed that microorganism survival fraction and ozone dosage (ozone concentration times exposure time) have an exponential relationship. Results also indicated that E. coli was the most sensitive organism to ozone exposure. E. coli required only very low ozone doses of 2-2.5 and 3.5-4 mg to obtain 50 and 80% inactivation, respectively. In addition, P. citrinum was more resistant than E. coli and required ozone doses of 40-60 and 60-120 mg to obtain 50 and 80% inactivation. In addition, spores of B. subtilis were observed to be the most resistant organism, requiring ozone doses of 40-75 and 145-150 mg to obtain 50 and 80% inactivation. Yeast was less resistant than P. citrinum and B. subtilis, requiring ozone doses of 10 and 15-19 mg to obtain 50 and 80% inactivation. It was clearly indicated that the ozone dose differences for 80% microorganism inactivation could be as high as 40 times between B. subtilis and E. coli. Ozone surface germicidal efficiency increased as relative humidity increased, which could be related to more radicals generated from ozone reaction with more water vapor at higher relative humidity. It was concluded that ozone should be highly effective and provide a reliable safety factor in treating contaminated surface. In addition, workers might need to wear suitable respiratory protection at high ozone level operation.
Therapeutic efficacy of ozone in patients with diabetic foot.
Martínez-Sánchez G, Al-Dalain SM, Menéndez S, Re L, Giuliani A, Candelario-Jalil E, Alvarez H, Fernández-Montequín JI, León OS.
Center of Studies for Research and Biological Evaluation (CEIEB-IFAL), University of Havana, Havana 10400, Cuba.
Oxidative stress is suggested to have an important role in the development of complications in diabetes. Because ozone therapy can activate the antioxidant system, influencing the level of glycemia and some markers of endothelial cell damage, the aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of ozone in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes and diabetic feet and to compare ozone with antibiotic therapy. A randomized controlled clinical trial was performed with 101 patients divided into two groups: one (n = 52) treated with ozone (local and rectal insufflation of the gas) and the other (n = 49) treated with topical and systemic antibiotics. The efficacy of the treatments was evaluated by comparing the glycemic index, the area and perimeter of the lesions and biochemical markers of oxidative stress and endothelial damage in both groups after 20 days of treatment. Ozone treatment improved glycemic control, prevented oxidative stress, normalized levels of organic peroxides, and activated superoxide dismutase. The pharmacodynamic effect of ozone in the treatment of patients with neuroinfectious diabetic foot can be ascribed to the possibility of it being a superoxide scavenger. Superoxide is considered a link between the four metabolic routes associated with diabetes pathology and its complications. Furthermore, the healing of the lesions improved, resulting in fewer amputations than in control group. There were no side effects. These results show that medical ozone treatment could be an alternative therapy in the treatment of diabetes and its complications.
Martínez-Sánchez G, Al-Dalain SM, Menéndez S, Re L, Giuliani A, Candelario-Jalil E, Alvarez H, Fernández-Montequín JI, León OS.
Center of Studies for Research and Biological Evaluation (CEIEB-IFAL), University of Havana, Havana 10400, Cuba.
Oxidative stress is suggested to have an important role in the development of complications in diabetes. Because ozone therapy can activate the antioxidant system, influencing the level of glycemia and some markers of endothelial cell damage, the aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of ozone in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes and diabetic feet and to compare ozone with antibiotic therapy. A randomized controlled clinical trial was performed with 101 patients divided into two groups: one (n = 52) treated with ozone (local and rectal insufflation of the gas) and the other (n = 49) treated with topical and systemic antibiotics. The efficacy of the treatments was evaluated by comparing the glycemic index, the area and perimeter of the lesions and biochemical markers of oxidative stress and endothelial damage in both groups after 20 days of treatment. Ozone treatment improved glycemic control, prevented oxidative stress, normalized levels of organic peroxides, and activated superoxide dismutase. The pharmacodynamic effect of ozone in the treatment of patients with neuroinfectious diabetic foot can be ascribed to the possibility of it being a superoxide scavenger. Superoxide is considered a link between the four metabolic routes associated with diabetes pathology and its complications. Furthermore, the healing of the lesions improved, resulting in fewer amputations than in control group. There were no side effects. These results show that medical ozone treatment could be an alternative therapy in the treatment of diabetes and its complications.
Sporicidal action of ozone and hydrogen peroxide: a comparative study.
Khadre , Yousef AE.Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA.
Elimination of contaminating spores on packaging materials and food-contact surfaces remains a challenge to the food industry. Hydrogen peroxide and chlorine are the most commonly used sanitizers to eliminate these contaminants, and ozone was recommended recently as an alternative. Hence, we compared the sporicidal action of ozone and hydrogen peroxide against selected foodborne spores of Bacillus spp. Under identical treatment conditions, 11 microg/ml aqueous ozone decreased spore counts by 1.3 to 6.1 log10 cfu/ml depending upon the bacterial species tested. Hydrogen peroxide (10%, w/w), produced only 0.32 to 1.6 log10 cfu/ml reductions in spore counts. Thus, hydrogen peroxide, at approximately 10,000-fold higher concentration, was less effective than ozone against Bacillus spores. Resistance of spores to ozone was highest for Bacillus stearothermophilus and lowest for B. cereus. Therefore, spores of B. stearothermophilus are suitable for testing the efficacy of sanitization by ozone. Electron microscopic study of ozone-treated B. subtilis spores suggests the outer spore coat layers as a probable site of action of ozone.
Khadre , Yousef AE.Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA.
Elimination of contaminating spores on packaging materials and food-contact surfaces remains a challenge to the food industry. Hydrogen peroxide and chlorine are the most commonly used sanitizers to eliminate these contaminants, and ozone was recommended recently as an alternative. Hence, we compared the sporicidal action of ozone and hydrogen peroxide against selected foodborne spores of Bacillus spp. Under identical treatment conditions, 11 microg/ml aqueous ozone decreased spore counts by 1.3 to 6.1 log10 cfu/ml depending upon the bacterial species tested. Hydrogen peroxide (10%, w/w), produced only 0.32 to 1.6 log10 cfu/ml reductions in spore counts. Thus, hydrogen peroxide, at approximately 10,000-fold higher concentration, was less effective than ozone against Bacillus spores. Resistance of spores to ozone was highest for Bacillus stearothermophilus and lowest for B. cereus. Therefore, spores of B. stearothermophilus are suitable for testing the efficacy of sanitization by ozone. Electron microscopic study of ozone-treated B. subtilis spores suggests the outer spore coat layers as a probable site of action of ozone.
Application of gaseous ozone to control populations of Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus cereus spores in dried figs.
Food Microbiol. 2008 Apr;25(2):386-91. Epub 2007 Oct 5.
Akbas MY, Ozdemir M.
The effect of ozonation as a method to reduce Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus cereus spores in dried figs was investigated. Dried figs were sprinkle inoculated with E. coli, B. cereus and B. cereus spores in sterile bags at a level of 10(7)microorganism g(-1), mixed and allowed to dry for 1h at 25 degrees C prior to ozonation. Inoculated samples were exposed to gaseous ozone in a chamber at 20 degrees C and 70% relative humidity. Ozone concentrations of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 ppm up to 360 min were used to inactivate E. coli and B. cereus while 1.0, 5.0, 7.0 and 9.0 ppm ozone concentrations for 360 min were used to treat B. cereus spores. E. coli and B. cereus counts were decreased by 3.5 log numbers at 1.0 ppm ozone concentration for 360 min ozone treatment. Up to 2 log reductions in the number of B. cereus spores were observed above 1.0 ppm ozone concentration at the end of 360 min of ozonation. No significant changes in color, pH and moisture content values of dried figs were observed after the ozonation treatments. No significant changes were found between sweetness, rancidity, flavor, appearance and overall palatability of ozonated and non-ozonated dried figs. Ozonation was found to be effective especially in reduction of vegetative cells in dried figs and a promising method for the decontamination of dried figs.
Food Microbiol. 2008 Apr;25(2):386-91. Epub 2007 Oct 5.
Akbas MY, Ozdemir M.
The effect of ozonation as a method to reduce Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus cereus spores in dried figs was investigated. Dried figs were sprinkle inoculated with E. coli, B. cereus and B. cereus spores in sterile bags at a level of 10(7)microorganism g(-1), mixed and allowed to dry for 1h at 25 degrees C prior to ozonation. Inoculated samples were exposed to gaseous ozone in a chamber at 20 degrees C and 70% relative humidity. Ozone concentrations of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 ppm up to 360 min were used to inactivate E. coli and B. cereus while 1.0, 5.0, 7.0 and 9.0 ppm ozone concentrations for 360 min were used to treat B. cereus spores. E. coli and B. cereus counts were decreased by 3.5 log numbers at 1.0 ppm ozone concentration for 360 min ozone treatment. Up to 2 log reductions in the number of B. cereus spores were observed above 1.0 ppm ozone concentration at the end of 360 min of ozonation. No significant changes in color, pH and moisture content values of dried figs were observed after the ozonation treatments. No significant changes were found between sweetness, rancidity, flavor, appearance and overall palatability of ozonated and non-ozonated dried figs. Ozonation was found to be effective especially in reduction of vegetative cells in dried figs and a promising method for the decontamination of dried figs.